Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer originates in the tissues of the bladder and can present in different types depending on the cells involved. The most common types of bladder cancer are urothelial carcinoma (UC), also known as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), and squamous cell carcinoma, among others

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Symptoms

Common symptoms of bladder cancer include blood in the urine (hematuria), which may appear as pink, red, or dark brown urine, and frequent urination or a strong urge to urinate. Other signs may include painful urination, lower back pain, and pelvic pain. In advanced stages, urinary retention or unexplained weight loss can also occur.

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Risk Factors

The primary risk factor for bladder cancer is smoking, which significantly increases the risk, as chemicals in tobacco can damage the bladder. Exposure to industrial chemicals (such as those used in dye, rubber, and textiles) also raises the likelihood of developing bladder cancer. Additional risk factors include chronic urinary infections, family history, and older age, with most cases occurring in people over 55.

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Subtypes of

Bladder Cancer

Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) / Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC)
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Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer, accounting for approximately 90% of all cases. It arises from the urothelial cells that line the bladder and other parts of the urinary tract. Urothelial carcinoma can be found in the lining of the bladder, ureters, and kidneys.

Subtypes:

  • Non-Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma (NMIBC)
  • Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma (MIBC)
  • Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma
  • Inverted Urothelial Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
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Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 5-10% of bladder cancers. It arises from squamous cells that are not normally present in the bladder but can develop after chronic irritation or inflammation.

Subtypes:

  • Conventional Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma of the Bladder
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Adenocarcinoma is a rare type of bladder cancer, accounting for about 1-2% of cases. It originates in the glandular cells that line the bladder and can also develop from the urachus, a remnant of fetal development that connects the bladder to the umbilicus.

Subtypes:

  • Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
  • Signet-Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma
  • Cystic Adenocarcinoma
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
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Small cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of bladder cancer, typically accounting for less than 1% of cases. It is a type of neuroendocrine tumor that often behaves similarly to small cell lung cancer.

Subtypes:

  • Pure Small Cell Carcinoma
  • Mixed Small Cell Carcinoma
Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Upper Urinary Tract
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This type of cancer occurs in the parts of the urinary tract above the bladder, including the kidneys and ureters. Though it is technically not bladder cancer, it shares many similarities with urothelial carcinoma and often affects the same type of cells (urothelial cells). It can sometimes spread into the bladder, leading to a more complex treatment scenario.

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including their types, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture every possible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types and subtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type, individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.