Brain Cancer

Brain tumors can be classified into primary and secondary types, with primary tumors originating in the brain and secondary ones (metastatic) originating from other organs and spreading to the brain. Solid tumors in the brain are a category of primary brain tumors that involve abnormal growth of tissue. These can be divided into several types, including gliomas, meningiomas, and others.

Symptoms

Brain cancer symptoms vary by tumor location, size, and growth. Common signs include persistent headaches, seizures, nausea, and vomiting due to increased pressure. Cognitive changes, such as memory loss and confusion, may occur, especially with frontal lobe tumors. Weakness, numbness, or paralysis may result from motor area involvement. Vision problems, speech difficulties, and balance issues may develop, particularly with tumors affecting the cerebellum. Symptoms often worsen over time.

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Risk Factors

Risk factors include genetic and environmental elements. Inherited genetic mutations, like neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and Turcot syndrome, can significantly increase risk. Previous radiation therapy to the head is a well-established risk factor for developing brain tumors later in life. Family history of brain tumors, exposure to certain toxins or chemicals, as well as having a compromised immune system increase risk. Additionally, the use of certain hormones or HRT may raise the risk of some brain tumor types.

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Subtypes of

Brain Cancer

Gliomas

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Gliomas are malignant brain tumors originating from glial cells (which support neurons). They are among the most common and aggressive types of primary brain cancers.

Subtypes:

Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Grade I)
Diffuse Astrocytoma (Grade II)
Anaplastic Astrocytoma (Grade III)
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) (Grade IV)
Oligodendroglioma (Grade II or III)
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma (Grade III)
Ependymomas (Grades II & III (Anaplastic))

Meningiomas

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Meningiomas arise from the meninges, the layers of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. These tumors are typically benign, but they can cause symptoms due to their location.

Subtypes:

Benign Meningiomas (Grade I)
Atypical Meningiomas (Grade II)
Malignant Meningiomas (Grade III)

Medulloblastomas

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These are fast-growing tumors that arise in the cerebellum (the part of the brain that controls balance and motor function). Most commonly found in children.

Subtypes:

Classic Medulloblastoma
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma
Large Cell Medulloblastoma
Anaplastic Medulloblastoma
WNT-Activated Medulloblastoma
SHH-Activated Medulloblastoma

Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Lymphoma

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Primary CNS lymphoma is a rare, aggressive cancer that originates in the brain, spinal cord, or eyes. It is more common in individuals with compromised immune systems (e.g., HIV/AIDS).

Subtypes:

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Other B-Cell Lymphomas

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including their types, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture every possible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types and subtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type, individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.