Eye & Orbit Cancer

Eye and orbit cancer refers to cancers that develop in the eye itself or the surrounding structures, including the orbit, which is the bony socket that holds the eye. These cancers can arise from various tissues within the eye or orbit, such as the eye's surface, muscles, nerves, or blood vessels.

Symptoms

Symptoms often include pain, blurry vision, double vision, or even sudden loss of vision in one eye. In some cases, individuals may notice a visible mass or protrusion in or around the eye, as well as redness or swelling. The eye may bulge more than usual and the person may experience difficulty moving the eye or tenderness. Other common signs include changes in the appearance of the pupil, such as a dilated pupil that does not react to light as it normally would. As the cancer progresses, it may lead to more severe symptoms, including headaches or pain in the face.

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Risk Factors

Risk factors for eye and orbit cancer include UV light exposure (especially for those with fair skin and light-colored eyes), genetic conditions like familial retinoblastoma, and a history of eye trauma or viral infections. Orbital cancers may also be linked to sinus infections, inflammatory diseases, or prior head/neck radiation. Early detection and treatment are crucial, as these cancers can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

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Subtypes of

Eye & Orbit Cancer

Ocular Melanoma

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Ocular melanoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the eye, typically arising from pigment-producing cells (melanocytes). It can occur in different parts of the eye, most often in the uvea (including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid).

Subtypes:

Choroidal Melanoma
Ciliary Body Melanoma
Iris Melanoma

Retinoblastoma

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Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor that originates in the retina and primarily affects children. It results from mutations in the RB1 gene. This cancer can be unilateral (affecting one eye) or bilateral (affecting both eyes).

Subtypes:

Hereditary Retinoblastoma
Non-hereditary Retinoblastoma

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma

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Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor of the orbit in children, originating from skeletal muscle cells. This cancer can develop in various parts of the orbit and often presents as a rapidly growing mass.

Subtypes:

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma

Optic Nerve Glioma

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Optic nerve gliomas are tumors arising from glial cells in the optic nerve. These tumors are typically benign, but can cause significant vision loss if they compress the optic nerve.

Subtypes:

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Anaplastic Glioma

Orbital Meningioma

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Meningiomas are tumors that arise from the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. In the orbit, they can cause proptosis and visual problems by compressing nearby structures.

Subtypes:

Fibrous Meningioma

Secretory Meningioma

Primary Orbital Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH)

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This is a rare and aggressive tumor that originates from fibrous tissue or histiocytes. It tends to occur in the soft tissues of the orbit.

Subtypes:

Fascicular MFH

Storiform MFH

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva

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This cancer occurs in the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that covers the white part of the eye. It is usually associated with chronic UV light exposure.

Subtypes:

Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Non-keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) of the Eyelid

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While not commonly originating in the eye itself, BCC is the most frequent type of skin cancer affecting the eyelids, which may invade the ocular surface.

Metastatic Tumors to the Orbit

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Many cancers, particularly from the breast, lung, or prostate, can metastasize to the orbit. These tumors typically spread to the orbit as part of systemic disease.

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including their types, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture every possible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types and subtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type, individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.