Liver Cancer

Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, originates in the liver and can be classified into various types depending on the origin and characteristics of the tumor. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Symptoms

Common symptoms of liver cancer include abdominal pain or discomfort, particularly in the upper right side, and unexplained weight loss. Other signs may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), nausea, loss of appetite, and fatigue. In some cases, swelling in the abdomen and easy bruising or bleeding may occur.

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Risk Factors

Major risk factors for liver cancer include chronic infection with hepatitis B or C, which significantly increases the likelihood of developing the disease. Other risks include cirrhosis (liver scarring due to heavy alcohol use or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and exposure to aflatoxins (toxins produced by certain molds). Additionally, obesity, diabetes, and a family history of liver cancer are linked to a higher risk.

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Subtypes of

Liver Cancer

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

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Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form of liver cancer, accounting for around 75-85% of all liver cancer cases. It typically develops in individuals with chronic liver disease, especially cirrhosis. HCC arises from hepatocytes, the main type of cell in the liver.

Subtypes:

Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Moderately Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Poorly Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC)

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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a type of liver cancer that originates in the bile ducts within the liver. It is much less common than hepatocellular carcinoma but is a significant type of liver cancer.

Subtypes:

Periductal Infiltrating Cholangiocarcinoma
Mass-forming Cholangiocarcinoma
Intraductal Cholangiocarcinoma
Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin Tumors)
Distal Cholangiocarcinoma

Fibrolamellar Carcinoma of the liver (FLC)

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Fibrolamellar carcinoma is a rare subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs primarily in younger individuals, typically under the age of 35. It often presents in a non-cirrhotic liver, which means it can occur in individuals who do not have underlying liver disease, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Subtypes:

Classic Fibrolamellar Carcinoma
Poorly Differentiated Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

Hepatoblastoma

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Hepatoblastoma is a rare type of liver cancer that typically affects infants and young children, usually before the age of 3. It arises from immature liver cells and is often associated with genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Subtypes:

Fetal Type Hepatoblastoma
Embryonal Hepatoblastoma
Mixed-Type Hepatoblastoma

Hepatic Angiosarcoma

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Angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive cancer that arises from the blood vessels of the liver. This type of liver cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is associated with a poor prognosis.

Fibrolamellar Carcinoma (FLC)

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Fibrolamellar carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of hepatocellular carcinoma that typically affects young individuals without underlying liver disease or cirrhosis. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrous tissue pattern.

Subtypes:

Classic Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Atypical Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Liver Metastases

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Liver metastases occur when cancer from another organ, such as the colon, breast, lung, or pancreas, spreads to the liver. These are not primary liver cancers but are common due to the liver's role in filtering blood.

Subtypes:

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to Liver
Metastatic Breast Cancer to Liver
Metastatic Lung Cancer to Liver
Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer to Liver

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including their types, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture every possible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types and subtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type, individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.