Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. It is primarily classified based on the cell type from which the cancer originates.

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Symptoms

Symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague but may include abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, and frequent urination. Women may also experience difficulty eating, feeling full quickly, and unexplained weight loss. In some cases, changes in bowel habits and fatigue are also reported.

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Risk Factors

Key risk factors for ovarian cancer include age, with most cases occurring in women over 50, especially those who have gone through menopause. A family history of ovarian or breast cancer, particularly involving BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, increases the likelihood of developing the disease. Other factors include never having been pregnant, hormone replacement therapy, and obesity.

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Subtypes of

Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC)
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Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type of ovarian cancer, accounting for approximately 90% of all ovarian cancers. It arises from the epithelial cells that line the surface of the ovary.

Subtypes:

  • Serous carcinoma (High-grade & Low-grade)
  • Mucinous carcinoma
  • Endometrioid carcinoma
  • Clear cell carcinoma
  • Brenner tumor (Transitional Cell)
Germ Cell Tumors
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Germ cell tumors develop from the cells that would normally become eggs (ova) in the ovaries. These are less common than epithelial ovarian cancers but tend to affect younger women, especially those under 30.

Subtypes:

  • Dysgerminoma
  • Yolk sac tumor
  • Teratoma (immature)
  • Choriocarcinoma
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors
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These rare tumors arise from the connective tissue cells of the ovary that produce hormones. Sex cord-stromal tumors account for about 5-8% of all ovarian cancers.

Subtypes:

  • Granulosa cell tumor
  • Thecoma
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (Androblastoma)
Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
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Metastatic ovarian cancer occurs when cancer from another part of the body spreads to the ovaries. Common sources of metastatic ovarian cancer include breast, colon, and stomach cancers.

Subtypes:

  • Breast cancer metastasis
  • Endometrial cancer metastasis
  • Gastrointestinal cancer metastasis (Krukenberg Tumor)
Ovarian Carcinosarcoma (Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor)
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A rare and aggressive tumor composed of both carcinoma (epithelial) and sarcoma (connective tissue) components. These tumors are highly malignant and often have a poor prognosis.

Small Cell Ovarian Cancer
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A rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer that typically presents in younger women. It is associated with poor prognosis and is resistant to standard treatments.

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including their types, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture every possible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types and subtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type, individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.