Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it is primarily categorized into non-melanoma and melanoma types. Non-melanoma skin cancers include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while melanoma is a more aggressive form of skin cancer.

Symptoms

Skin cancer symptoms may include the appearance of new growths or changes in existing moles, such as a change in size, shape, or color. Common signs include itching, bleeding, or crusting on the skin, especially in areas exposed to the sun. In advanced stages, the cancer may cause pain or the appearance of a nodule or ulcer that doesn’t heal.

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Risk Factors

The most significant risk factor for skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, which damages skin cells and increases the risk of developing cancer. Fair skin, freckles, and light hair also make individuals more susceptible, as well as having a history of sunburns or excessive sun exposure. Other risk factors include a family history of skin cancer, weakened immune system, and the presence of unusual moles or precancerous skin lesions.

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Subtypes of

Skin Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (skin)

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Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the squamous cells, which are found in the outer layers of the skin. It is more likely than BCC to spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. SCC typically develops on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, neck, lips, and back of hands.

Subtypes:

Conventional (Typical) SCC
Invasive SCC
Keratoacanthoma
SCC in situ (Bowen's disease)
Verrucous Carcinoma

Melanoma

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Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. It begins in melanocytes (cells that produce pigment) and can occur in existing moles or in normal skin. Melanoma can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.

Subtypes:

Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Nodular Melanoma
Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Desmoplastic Melanoma
Mucosal Melanoma

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

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Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that originates in Merkel cells (cells located at the base of the epidermis). It often presents as a painless, firm, and rapidly growing nodule. Merkel cell carcinoma can spread to lymph nodes and other organs.

Kaposi's Sarcoma

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Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer that originates in the blood vessels and is often linked to Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection. It is most commonly seen in individuals with HIV/AIDS or other conditions that suppress the immune system.

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma

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A rare and aggressive cancer originating from the sebaceous glands (oil-producing glands in the skin), often presenting as a painless, firm, and yellowish nodule.

Cutaneous Lymphoma

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Cutaneous lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts in the skin and is classified as a form of lymphoma (cancer of the immune system). It occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, become cancerous and grow in the skin.

Subtypes:

Mycosis Fungoides
Sezary Syndrome

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Disclaimer: This list provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common cancerous solid tumors, including their types, subtypes, symptoms and risk factors. However, it is important to note that this list may not capture every possible tumor type and subtype within this category. Cancer research is continually evolving, and new types and subtypes may emerge over time. For a complete and personalized understanding of a cancer type or sub-type, individuals should consult medical professionals or oncologists. This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.